By elevator we mean machines used to lift very heavy loads or things. Today, the French termelevator for the elevatorused in high-rise buildings has prevailed.
History has shown many times in various situations, in which idiosyncratic lifting machines of idiosyncratic construction were used, the use of which required both human and animal attraction. The evolution of elevators is huge and continuous and is combined with high technology, a high degree of safety and their long life. However, the history of the elevator from the 5thcentury BC is interesting, when large drum pulleys with manual cranes were used in Mesopotamia, until today.
Important is the fact that in 236 BC the first remarkable step for the evolution of the elevator was made by Archimedes, the great Greek mathematician and physicist from Syracuse, who developed the principle of the endless screw, commonly water screw, which is the fundamental principle in the engineering of elevators.
In the 1st Century AD, specific tools were used which could be described as elevators in Nerona’s huge palace.
The story continues in 1203 AD, when a rudimentary elevator was built that is still in operation today at the monastery of Saint Michael Abbey. It took about three hundred years to take the next big step in which Leonardo Da Vinci laid the foundation stone for the evolution of vertical load movement with clarity and specific operating principles for each lifting machine.
There was a long period of research that followed the curiosity and prediction of the future of the Renaissance, but then followed a recession in the search for means to lift people and loads. Hydraulic energy played an important role in the movement as well as spiritual energy. The history of the modern elevator as we understand it today and as it is defined as an installation that aims at the vertical transport of people and goods, consisting of a chamber that runs between two drivers and suspended on ropes or held by one or two pistons, begins in N. YORK . During this period, the technique of lifting people and loads flourished, but at the same time it took the marketing of the time to convince people by Elisha Otis of the reliability and safe operation of the elevators of that time.
1853 A fantastic show takes place at Cristal Palace:
under the gaze of hundreds of visitors, the rope of the platform of an elevator is cut, which, however, due to a security system remains blocked on the drivers without falling. The inventor of the system is Elisha g. Otis, who to make the test more believable climbed the platform himself and remained there until the end of the test. This elevator is considered to be the first true, safe and functional elevator and a constant struggle for its perfection begins.
In 1855 the first locomotive elevator was built, which burned coals. In 1857 he settled on Broadway in N. York is the first elevator for the use of transporting people. And the story goes on with faster discoveries from this era onwards.
In 1867 the Frenchman Leon Edoux presented in Paris the first elevator which exploited the energy of water under pressure coming from the water supply network of the city. In 1870 the first hydraulic elevators were opened in New York. In 1880 the German inventor Werner von Siemens introduced the electric motor in the construction of the elevator. In 1887 the first electric elevator was built in Baltimore. In 1889 the first electric elevator operated in the DEMAREST building in New York. In 1892, the American Ward Leonard discovered the use of alternating voltage to power motors with a constant current.
In 1894 in New York operated the first elevator with dial buttons and without driver (manufactured by OTIS). In 1900 the first escalator was presented at the Paris International Exhibition.
Today, with improvements made, especially in terms of system security, the use of the elevator has become widespread and has clearly enabled the construction of high-rise buildings and skyscrapers. That’s why there are so many different types of elevators to choose from.
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